Abstract
Since their introduction, the use of electronic cigarettes has increased considerably in the population and among adolescents. Determinants of smoking conventional cigarettes were thoroughly studied in various social groups. However, we know less about the predictors of the use of e-cigarettes in younger generations. The main aim of this study was the assessment of the factors associated with the use of electronic cigarettes among high school students. Specifically, the roles of health literacy (HL) and health locus of control (HLC) were addressed. The analysis was based on the data from a ‘pen-and-pencil’ survey performed in a large sample of 2223 high school students from southern Poland. The tools used in the survey encompassed 133 items, including a 47-item European Health Literacy Survey questionnaire, an 18-item Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale, and a set of questions asking about the health behaviors, and sociodemographic and economic characteristics of respondents. In the study sample, 47.5% of the respondents had used e-cigarettes in the past, and 18.6% had used them in the last month. HL was not significantly associated with dependent variables reflecting the use of e-cigarettes. Two types of external HLC were associated with using e-cigarettes in the past, and ‘Chance’ HLC (CHLC) was also associated with their use in the last month. Males, students of schools providing vocational training, and students declaring more Internet use during the week showed a higher likelihood of ever using e-cigarettes or using them in the last month. Students smoking conventional cigarettes were also more prone to use e-cigarettes. To sum up, it was an unexpected result that HL is not associated with the use of e-cigarettes. A greater likelihood of using e-cigarettes was positively associated with higher CHLC scores, as in the case of smoking traditional cigarettes.
Highlights
IntroductionAccording to Fadus et al [2], the use of e-cigarettes among youth has increased from 1.5% in 2011 to 20.8% in 2018
The use of e-cigarettes by youth has increased considerably in the last decade [1].According to Fadus et al [2], the use of e-cigarettes among youth has increased from 1.5% in 2011 to 20.8% in 2018
Our study clearly shows that the users of e-cigarettes are frequently smokers of traditional cigarettes
Summary
According to Fadus et al [2], the use of e-cigarettes among youth has increased from 1.5% in 2011 to 20.8% in 2018. Smith et al have found that exclusive use of e-cigarettes among adolescents 15–19 years old in Poland increased from 2.0% in 2010–2011 to 11% in 2015–2016 [6]. Another study, performed in Poland within the Global Youth Tobacco Survey among 11–17 year old youth in 2016, revealed that 31.5% of boys and 21.8% of girls were current e-cigarette users and 21.8% of boys and 19.9% of girls smoked traditional cigarettes [8]. Dual uses made up 14% of the respondents in this study group All these reports indicate that the use of e-cigarettes among adolescents has become an urgent public health issue requiring adequate attention
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