Abstract
There is a great need for an instrument that can accurately identify children with language problems early, regardless of the language(s) they speak. Certain tasks have been identified as potential markers of language impairment, including sentence repetition and digit repetition (Ziethe, Eysholdt and Doellinger 2013: 1). The purpose of this study was to compare the sensitivity of these two potential markers in order to compile an accurate measuring instrument for language impairment in Afrikaans and South African English (SAE). The participants were 20 typically developing (TD) Afrikaans- and 20 TD SAE-speaking 5-year-olds, as well as five Afrikaans- and five SAE-speaking 5-year-olds with language impairment (LI). Sentence and digit repetition tasks were devised, recorded on CD, and performed by each participant individually. Both groups with LI performed poorly, and significantly more poorly than their corresponding TD group, on both repetition tasks. For both languages, (i) sentence repetition distinguished best between the participants with and without LI, and (ii) some items proved to be more sensitive than others for the difference between the performance of the TD and the LI groups. These items may be appropriate for inclusion in a screening tool for LI in 5-year-olds. The availability of language screening tools in several of South Africa’s languages can be of value to child language researchers and speech-language therapists. This study demonstrated that devising such tools could be a feasible endeavour. In contrast to diagnostic language assessment instruments, screening tools that employ repetition tasks can be devised relatively quickly and economically, and can contribute to the early identification of children with language problems in the interim, while diagnostic instruments are developed.
Highlights
It is widely acknowledged that there is a dearth of standardised language assessment instruments available for use with South African children (Demuth, Moloi and Machobane 2010; Pascoe and Norman 2011; Penn 1998; Solarsh and Alant 2006)
38 Gagiano and Southwood standardised instruments to identify language impairment (LI), speech-language therapists and other child language professionals often make use of informal assessment when attempting to differentially diagnose language problems in South African children. They base such assessment on clinical markers of LI,1 where a clinical marker is a manifestation which is characteristic of a specific condition (Archibald and Joanisse 2009: 900)
The main aim of this study is to ascertain whether sentence repetition and digit repetition are clinical markers of LI in Afrikaans and South African English (SAE), i.e., whether these types of repetition can differentiate between child speakers of these languages with and without LI
Summary
It is widely acknowledged that there is a dearth of standardised language assessment instruments available for use with South African children (Demuth, Moloi and Machobane 2010; Pascoe and Norman 2011; Penn 1998; Solarsh and Alant 2006). 38 Gagiano and Southwood standardised instruments to identify language impairment (LI), speech-language therapists and other child language professionals often make use of informal assessment when attempting to differentially diagnose language problems in South African children. They base such assessment on clinical markers of LI, where a clinical marker is a manifestation which is characteristic of a specific condition (Archibald and Joanisse 2009: 900). Further aims were (i) to ascertain whether different scoring methods affect the sensitivity of sentence and digit repetition tasks towards LI, and (ii) to determine which types of items are most successful at differentiating between children with and without LI in Afrikaans and in SAE. These are important considerations because if an unknown word from a different language variety is used, or if a known word is pronounced in an unfamiliar manner, such a word could be deemed a nonsense word, changing the nature of the task in that instance from digit or sentence repetition to digit or sentence repetition with elements of nonsense word repetition;
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