Abstract
Halliday and Hasan (1976) differentiated between four types of conjunctions namely, additive, causal, temporal and adversative. Thus, conjunctions are words used to combine two sentences, this paper examines the conjunctions in the speeches of Her Majesty Queen Rania of Jordan based on Halliday and Hasan (ibid). The investigator in this current study selected four different speeches which were delivered by Queen Rania in Jordan and USA in the years 2007, 2009, 2011 and 2013. The results show that there are some differences in the frequency of additive, causal, adversative and temporal conjunctions. The study concluded that, additive conjunctions were the most frequent conjunctions followed by adversative conjunctions and then causal conjunctions and finally the least occurrences were for temporal conjunctions.
Highlights
This study entitled the use of conjunctions as grammatical cohesion in the speeches of Her Majesty Queen Rania of Jordan
The results show that there are some differences in the frequency of additive, causal, adversative and temporal conjunctions
The study concluded that, additive conjunctions were the most frequent conjunctions followed by adversative conjunctions and causal conjunctions and the least occurrences were for temporal conjunctions
Summary
According to Nunan (1993:5) “discourse is a stretch of language consisting of several sentences which are perceived as being related in some ways”. All aspects of both lexical and grammatical cohesive devices are to link text items together. After Halliday & Hasan work on the term cohesion in the year 1976 some scholars followed them to deal and analyse written and spoken texts, Cook (ibid) remarks that any discourse or cohesive devices include the following seven types: verb form, parallelism, referring expressions, repetition and lexical chains, substitution, ellipsis and conjunction. The classification of Salkie (ibid) about cohesive devices is similar to the classification of Carter et al (ibid), as addition connectives, opposition connectives, cause connectives and time connectives. According to Dooley and Levinsohn (ibid.), conjunctions have three different types namely, associatives, additives and developmental markers. Winter (1977) classifies the conjunctive role into four levels namely, lexical item within the predicate of the clause, adverbial clause plus nominalisation, adverbial clause as conjunction and single word conjunction
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