The Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine for Pain

Abstract

Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) refers to those medical and health care practices, modalities, products, and treatments which are not integrated into conventional medicine in the United States. CAM practices and modalities which are used in conjunction with conventional medical care are considered to be complementary, while those practices and modalities used in place of conventional medicine are considered to be alternative. In both cases, data regarding safety and efficacy are generally not fully available. Among the 27 institutes and centers at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) is the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM). NCCAM is responsible for sponsoring intramural and extramural research on various CAM modalities for a variety of conditions and populations. NCCAM defines CAM as those practices falling into four discrete domains or areas of interest. Biologically active products and practices refer to the use of herbs, foods, and vitamins for health purposes. Examples include the use of dietary supplements, herbal products, and probiotics to promote health and treat various diseases. Energy Therapies use energy fields in the treatment of disease. CAM energy therapies include biofield therapies, such as Reiki, as well as electromagnetic therapies, such as the use of magnetic fields. Mind Body Medicine refers to those practices which enhance the ability of the mind and psychological processes to affect the body. Some mind-body medicine practices include the many varieties of meditation, yoga, Tai Chi, hypnosis, and some forms of art and music therapy. Manipulative and Body-based Practices include practices and procedures which manipulate one or more parts of the body. Chiropractic care, osteopathic manipulation, and massage are all example of manipulative and body-based practices.