Abstract
The syntactic features of spoken Lithuanian are still under-researched due to insufficient data bases, limited technologies, and research methodologies. During the last years, the "Corpus of Spoken Lithuanian" (developed at Vytautas Magnus University; 225,000 words; 80 hours of digitalized audio recordings) has been syntactically annotated, and this has enabled complex automatized syntactic analysis. In the present paper, one of the first such studies is presented and its results are discussed. The corpus linguistics methodology has been employed.The paper deals with the frequency and basic types of attributive clauses in spoken Lithuanian language. The results of the study have highlighted that attributive clauses tend to be more frequent (up to 15% of all subordinate clauses) in public speech, and they are significantly less frequent (up to 7% of all subordinate clauses) in private spontaneous speech.The position of a subordinate clause after the head noun is unmarked and the most frequent in public speech and spontaneous private speech. Consequently, 65% and 88% of all attributive adjectives followed the head noun in private spontaneous speech and in public speech. Since in Lithuanian the word order is not so strict, in private spontaneous speech constructions with a subordinate clause before the head noun are used.The analysis of subordinating conjunctions and relative pronouns has revealed that in public speech the link between a subordinate clause and an independent clause tends to be expressed by the relative pronoun "kuris", "kuri" (‘which’). Namely, in public speech, this pronoun is employed in 85% of all attributive clauses. The number of relative pronouns in private spoken speech reaches only 30%, whereas the subordinating conjunction "kur" (‘where’) has been used in the majority of attributive clauses (51%).The findings of the study reveal the main tendencies in the distribution and frequency of attributive clauses and suggest that the usage of attributive clauses depends, to a large extent, on the register of spoken language.
Highlights
Įvadas Ankstyvuosiuose lietuvių kalbos gramatikos darbuose sudėtinis sakinys apibūdinamas kaip dviejų ar kelių vientisinių sakinių junginys, turinio ir intonacijos atžvilgiu sudarantis vieną kalbinį vienetą
Gramatikoje taip pat minima, kad šalutinis dėmuo gali būti nutolęs nuo pažymimojo žodžio tada, kai pastarasis eina su atliepiamuoju žodžiu (Pinigas nemėgsta to žmogaus rankų, kuris nemoka jo vertinti)
The number of relative pronouns in private spoken speech reaches only 30%, whereas the subordinating conjunction kur (‘where’) has been used in the majority of attributive clauses (51%)
Summary
Anotacija Remiantis Sakytinės lietuvių kalbos tekstyno analize, straipsnyje aptariamas pažymimųjų pasakymų dažnumas ir dažniausi struktūriniai tipai. Kad teoriniuose lietuvių kalbotyros darbuose sudėtiniai prijungiamieji sakiniai aprašyti gana plačiai, taip pat yra atlikta ir nemažai prijungiamųjų sakinių vartosenos tyrimų (Smetonienė 2001; Sabromienė 2007; Bitinienė 2010; Miliūnaitė 2011; Pajėdienė 2004, 2008, 2009 ir kt.), tačiau tik keliuose iš jų aptariamas pažymimųjų sakinių vartojimas (Vladarskienė 2012; Dabašinskienė ir Kamandulytė-Merfeldienė 2014). Kurio struktūra pavaizduota 1 paveiksle, yra sudarytas taip, kad leistų suformuoti duomenų imtis įvairiais pjūviais – pagal kalbos spontaniškumą, kalbėtojų skaičių, viešumą / privatumą ir kt., todėl atliktas tyrimas leidžia daryti išvadas ne tik apie pažymimųjų. Taikomoji kalbotyra 2016 (8), www.taikomojikalbotyra.lt pasakymų dažnumą sakytinėje kalboje, bet ir apie jų pasiskirstymo tendencijas įvairiose sakytinės kalbos atmainose
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