The use of attenuators in Amazonian forest species under heavy metal stress: a literature review

Abstract

Anthropogenic activities such as industrial and mining activities have caused biotic and abiotic stress in plants through contamination by heavy metals deposited in the environment. Some of these are toxic to the plant in any concentration. Phytoremediation and its techniques then emerged as a measure capable of reducing heavy metal contamination. In addition to phytoremediation techniques, research shows the use of growth regulators to act as attenuators and mitigators of stress caused by heavy metals in plants. Thus, the objective of this bibliography was to gather information on contamination by heavy metals in Amazonian forest species, and to outline possible pathways and mechanisms capable of reducing this problem, enabling the use of specific species that can carry out phytoremediation of the soil, making contaminated and unproductive areas into productive ones and capable of being used in forest restoration programs and recovery of degraded areas. Understanding and studies on phytoremediation and its techniques have been deepened. However, it is necessary to increasingly understand the behavior of different species in the presence of heavy metals in the soil.