Abstract
It is important to correctly predict the microclimate of a greenhouse for control and crop management purposes. Accurately forecasting temperatures in greenhouses has been a focus of research because internal temperature is one of the most important factors influencing crop growth. Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) are a powerful tool for making forecasts. The purpose of our research was elaboration of a model that would allow to forecast changes in temperatures inside the heated foil tunnel using ANNs. Experimental research has been carried out in a heated foil tunnel situated on the property of the Agricultural University of Krakow. Obtained results have served as data for ANNs. Conducted research confirmed the usefulness of ANNs as tools for making internal temperature forecasts. From all tested networks, the best is the three-layer Perceptron type network with 10 neurons in the hidden layer. This network has 40 inputs and one output (the forecasted internal temperature). As the networks input previous historical internal temperature, external temperature, sun radiation intensity, wind speed and the hour of making a forecast were used. These ANNs had the lowest Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) value for the testing data set (RMSE value = 3.7 °C).
Highlights
Agriculture plays a critical role in the global economy
Greenhouse systems are an essential element of agricultural production
Lower values were obtained for data from the learning data set (RMSE = 2.7 ÷ 3.3 ◦ C) and validating data set (RMSE = 2.9 ÷ 3.0 ◦ C)
Summary
Agriculture plays a critical role in the global economy. Agriculture development requires the introduction of new farming technologies. One opportunity to increase agricultural productivity is to use a protected and controlled environment such as greenhouse systems. Greenhouse systems are an essential element of agricultural production. They are an important way to meet the growing food demand. For opencast agriculture, the change in land usage usually causes soil erosion [8,9,10,11,12]. For this reason, the agricultural solution on adverse climatic conditions, e.g., droughts and temporary frost, is the greenhouse microclimate
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