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Abstract
The presented research focused on improving the mechanical properties of PLA-based composites reinforced with buckwheat husks (BH) particles. The research work was carried out in two stages. Firstly, the blend was prepared with the addition of polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) and thermoplastic starch (TPS), manufactured by injection molding technique, then the selected materials were prepared with the addition of BH filler, and the samples were prepared using the fused deposition modeling method (FDM). All samples were subjected to the assessment of material properties. Thermal and thermomechanical properties were evaluated using differential scanning calorimetry analysis (DSC) and dynamic thermal mechanical analysis (DMTA). Mechanical characteristic was evaluated using static tensile and flexural measurements and Charpy impact resistance tests. The research was supplemented with scanning electron microscopy analysis (SEM). It was found that the addition of PBAT and TPS greatly improves impact strength and elongation, especially with the addition of reactive compatibilizer. As expected, TPS, PBAT, and BH reduced the stiffness of the composites during DMTA testing. The presence of BH particles in the polymer matrix was observed to improve the crystallization behavior of PLA. The optimal content of BH filler in the composite was found to be 10%, which allowed to preserve good mechanical properties.
Highlights
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is known for its biobased origin and biodegradability [1], for which features turn out to be crucial in the case of the latest trends in sustainable development policies
The results of the performed analysis were collected in the form of complex viscosity plots, since the PLA-based materials are relatively sensitive to thermal degradation
At low-range angular frequency, the complex viscosity tends to decrease slightly. In practice, this kind of behavior cannot be considered as crucial since the residence time for fused deposition modeling method (FDM) printing process is limited to few seconds, while the complex viscosity test time was around 10 min
Summary
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is known for its biobased origin and biodegradability [1], for which features turn out to be crucial in the case of the latest trends in sustainable development policies. Due to the typically petrochemical origin of most compounds used as impact modifiers, their use as additives to PLA is not an optimal solution This is why other types of biopolymers, derived from naturally occurring substances in organisms such as plants or bacteria, seem to be more suitable for developing sustainable materials; for example, PBAT—polybutylene adipate terephthalate, TPS—thermoplastic starch, PBS—. Initial tests conducted using the injection molding technique showed that TPS-modified materials’ toughening efficiency was similar to PLA/PBAT blends This is why we decided to use the developed blends as matrix materials during the preparation of FDM-printed.
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