Abstract
Suppose that we have t treatments for comparison using N experimental units, for example, animals, and that on each unit we have a preliminary observation, for example, the body weight, available before the treatments are allotted to the units. Suppose that it is expected that the final observation of interest, y, will, in the absence of treatment effects, be well correlated with the preliminary observation, x. Then a number of standard methods are available for exploiting this correlation in order to increase the precision of the estimated treatment effects. The object of this paper is to compare the methods in some simple situations with a small number of experimental units. Attention is restricted to experiments in which each of the alternative treatments appears the same number, k, of items, so that N = tk.
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