Abstract
This article reviews the evidence on the presence of the third heart sound (S3) in relation to heart failure. It emphasizes the usefulness of basic physical examination, which is readily available and costeffective. There are increasing numbers of nurse practitioners and specialist nurses who follow up patients with cardiovascular diseases. The use of physical examination skills, including auscultation, could help nurse practitiners to detect the possibility of heart failure at an early stage even if the patient is asymptomatic, as in the absence of fluid overload.
Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
