Abstract
This article reviews the evidence on the presence of the third heart sound (S3) in relation to heart failure. It emphasizes the usefulness of basic physical examination, which is readily available and costeffective. There are increasing numbers of nurse practitioners and specialist nurses who follow up patients with cardiovascular diseases. The use of physical examination skills, including auscultation, could help nurse practitiners to detect the possibility of heart failure at an early stage even if the patient is asymptomatic, as in the absence of fluid overload.
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