Abstract
The main objective of this paper was to analyse comprehensively the urban public transport usage, satisfaction levels and the satisfaction impact on usage of public transport in European Union (EU) countries. Results revealed that the usage of urban public transport in all EU countries is rather low and significantly depends on economic development level. The satisfaction levels measured as comfort and safety, ticket price, frequency and reliability and amenities at stops and stations significantly differed among EU countries as well. In a half of the EU countries, the satisfaction with ticket price and the time to the station had significant impacts on usage of urban public transport. Meanwhile, the satisfaction with reliability, public transport frequency and comfort and safety had significantly influenced urban public transport usage only in one-third of EU countries. In the majority of EU countries, women and older respondents more often tended to use urban public transport. Next to improvement of public transport service, a variety of policy measures should be applied, from awareness rising and image improvement to the review of pricing policies both of public transport and of parking fees.
Highlights
The transport sector contributes to air pollution, energy consumption, greenhouse gas emissions [1,2,3,4], traffic congestion, road accidents, increased noise [5] and related health impacts
The promotion of urban public transport (UPT) usage should contribute to the reduction of these problems [6,7,8,9,10,11] and has the potential benefit of enhancing social inclusion [12,13,14] and contributes to seeking sustainability [11,15,16,17]
The results showed that the level of UPT usage significantly depended on the level of economic development of the country (Figure 2)
Summary
The transport sector contributes to air pollution, energy consumption, greenhouse gas emissions [1,2,3,4], traffic congestion, road accidents, increased noise [5] and related health impacts. The European Commission supported a big project A MEasurement Tool to determine the quality of the Passenger EXperience (METPEX), which aims to measure the determinants of the passengers’ experience and service quality including public transport [22,23] This project encompassed eight EU cities and the results were presented in a vast number of research studies [18,23,24,25,26,27,28,29]. The aim of this paper is to analyse comprehensively the urban public transport usage, satisfaction levels and the satisfaction impact on usage of public transport in the EU This analysis can make a great contribution to the formation and implementation of successful sustainable transport policy in all EU countries
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