Abstract

In Belhaj the UK Supreme Court established that the State must investigate allegations of gross violations of human rights on the territory of another sovereign because of an emerging exception to sovereign state immunity. The decision raised complex questions of ‘justiciability’ in circumstances which are intensely political as well as raising questions having enormous consequences for international relations and state security. Belhaj demonstrates a decisive shift of a muscular approach to over-seeing national security at precisely the time when terrorism concerns are most heightened. The judicial obligation to uphold fundamental freedoms is recognized as being rooted in the Magna Carta. National security considerations by and in-themselves do not suggest a policy of judicial deference to the executive. The invocation of the foreign act of state doctrine, where torture is exercised, does not trump judicial redress in the regular courts.

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