Abstract
Africa is home to two-thirds of the global population of people living with HIV infection.1 Despite a steady scale-up of antiretroviral treatment (ART), efforts to curtail HIV-related mortality are consistently thwarted by the high burden of advanced HIV disease, defined by WHO as a CD4 count of less than 200 cells/mL or WHO stage 3 or 4.2 In 2020, approximately 20–25% of people who commenced HIV care in Uganda and Botswana had advanced HIV disease.3 Besides denoting a failure in the HIV cascade of care, advanced HIV disease is increasingly documented in patients on ART who disengage from care and return with virological non-suppression.
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