Abstract
The chapter engages with the literature that has emerged since the 1990s in urban studies in India, and in this context discusses the nature of India’s urban modernity. It suggests that contemporary processes of capitalism have enveloped the entire territory of the country into an urban space with the mobile upper classes termed ‘middle classes’ and the state policies linking unevenly the so-called rural and urban areas through new forms of capitalist accumulation. These organize specific patterns of spatial inequalities and exclusions and in turn fuel contradictory processes of politics relating to gender, caste, ethnicity, and religiosities. The focus of urban studies should be to analyse the way the global intersects with regions and localities as these are being spatially constituted in the context of uneven urbanization.
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