Abstract
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) and the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) both contain universal rights that should be ensured to all human beings, without discrimination. Still, while both the UDHR and the ECHR are based on the same universal values, like human dignity and the rule of law, universality does not mean uniformity, and differences in the implementation of the universal rights may arise. This chapter recalls that such differences may exist between the different regional human rights systems, as well as within a given regional system, such as the European system. Considering that the primary responsibility for the implementation of human rights lies with the domestic authorities, such differences are permitted by the European Court of Human Rights under its doctrine of the margin of appreciation. The chapter ends by addressing the challenges posed by populism, and calls for everyone to help fulfil the promise of the UDHR.
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