The United States and the Andean Republics: Peru, Bolivia, and Ecuador

Abstract

1. Perspectives of Cultural Contrasts Individualism and Rising Expectations Patronalism-Clientelism, Corporativism, and Andean Cultural Patterns Patronalist-Clientelist Corporativism and the Image of the Limited Good The Nature of Government 2. The Social Matrix of the Andean Past Indians, the Hacienda, and the Frontier Experience in the Colonial Era Race Relations and Corporativism Education, Letters, and the Patronalist-Clientelist, Corporative Society Merchants and Landowners The Ideological Background to the Andean Independence Movement 3. Prelude to Chaos: The Implications of Independence Religion and the Implications of Independence Liberalism, Conservativism, and the Corporativism Issue Economic Collapse and the Blow to Liberalism Andean Krausists as Early Critics of Liberal Modernization Andean Regionalism The Racial Issue and the Implications of Independence 4. The Nineteenth-Century Quest for Stability and Progress Peru: Independence and the Age of Caudillos The Age of Castilla and of Guano Herrera versus Vigil Economic and Political Disintegration, 1868-1879 Bolivia: The Attainment of Independence The Rule of Sucre, Santa Cruz, and Ballivian, 1826-1847 Tata Belzu, the Precursor of Andean Populism, 1848-1855 Civilian and Military Rule, 1857-1879 Ecuador: Independence from Spain and Gran Colombia The Age of Flores, Rocafuerte, and Urbina, 1830-1860 The Age of Garcia Moreno and the Aftermath, 1861-1883 5. Rivalry, Diplomacy, War, and Reconstruction in the Nineteenth Century Intervention and Balance-of-Power Politics to the 1870s The War of the Pacific Reconstruction in Bolivia and Peru Ecuador, 1883-1895 6. The Apogee of Liberalism and the Rise of U.S. Influence, 1900-1920 Liberalism and the Indians Liberalism and the Church Progress and the Rise of a New Plutocracy The Penetration of U.S. Capital: Peru Bolivia Ecuador The Social Problem Surfaces Disillusionment with Liberalism 7. Andean Political Establishments and Transition, the 1920s Andean Political Establishments Respond to New Challenges: Leguia and the Political Establishment in Peru Saavedra and Siles and the Political Establishment in Bolivia Civilians, the Military, and the Political Establishment in Ecuador Intensification of U.S. Economic Penetration The Rise of U.S. Diplomatic Influence 8. Aspiring Elites and Transition Catholicism and Transition Marxism-Leninism and Transition Marxian Indianism and Revolutionary Transition The APRA and Its Formulas for Transition Prophets of Transition and U.S. Relations 9. Experiments with Reformism: The Depression and Wartime Years Populism in Peru and Ecuador, 1930-1934 The Chaco War and the Aftermath in Bolivia, 1930-1946 Weathering the Storm in Peru and Ecuador, 1934-1945 10. Revolution in Bolivia, Muddling Through in Peru and Ecuador, 1945-1960 Respectable Indianism in Andean America The Bolivian Social Revolution: The Revolution and the Indian or Campesino The Revolution and the Urban and Mining Sectors The Revolution and the United States The Old Order in Peru The Established Order and the Political Kaleidoscope in Ecuador 11. The Alliance for Progress and Andean Transitions, 1961-1968 Bolivia and the Attempt to Impose Order, 1960-1968 The Political Scene in Ecuador The Political Scene in Peru Breakdown of the Old Order: The Agrarian Sector Breakdown of the Old Order: The Urban Sector The United States and the Breakdown of the Old Order External Dependency Theories The Military and Its Perceived Role of Nation-Building 12. A New Era Emerges, 1968-1976 The View from Andean America Peru's New Corporativism and the Quest for Controlled Development Ecuador and the Transition to Military Corporativism Bolivia: Shifting Patterns of Military Rule The Catholic Church and the New Corporativism The Uncertain Prospects of Andean Corporativism 13. Epilogue: On Life and Culture in Postmodern Times Notes Index