The unit for making dusty lime fertilizers

Abstract

The article presents some results of comparative tests conducted at N.P.Ogarev Mordovia State University of unit when making dust-like lime fertilizers with serial and experimental centrifugal working body. The influence of the translational velocity of the unit on the uneven distribution of cement dust across the width of the grip is determined. Observations have shown that using mechanical spreading (for example, a centrifugal disk) of fertilizers with different grain-size characteristics, large particles under the action of the initial velocity acquired during the descent of the disk fly further, and small (dusty) particles fall on the soil near the center of the disk. Therefore, it can be assumed that a combination of different methods of action (mechanical and pneumatic) on the particles of fertilizers in the process of their introduction will give the desired result, i.e. qualitative distribution of particles, regardless of their particle size distribution and characteristics. Analysis of the literature showed that the work on improving the centrifugal disk, in order to increase the air flow, turned out to be ineffective and the machines with such working bodies were not widely used. In our opinion, the full potential of the pneumatic-centrifugal working body is revealed when it is designed according to a disc-fan type, which involves fixing the blades to the lower surface of the disc and differentiating air flow under the particles of fertilizers sown on the peripheral zones of the working width. To check the efficiency of the unit, we carried out comparative tests when scattering cement dust with a serial and experimental centrifugal working body at three speeds of the unit, 2,5, 3,5 and 4,5 km/h. Taking into account these proposals, we made a pneumatic-centrifugal working body and carried out laboratory tests. As a result of the laboratory studies, it was established that the uneven distribution of the pulverized mass across the width of the grip, depending on the working speeds, the values of which are indicated above, varied from 15 to 30 %; the smallest irregularity, both at maximum and minimum values of feeds, was obtained at an aggregate speed of 4,5 km/h and was 15 %, and the highest under the same conditions with an average speed of 2,5 km/h. Thus, the equipment of serial centrifugal spreaders with the proposed working body turns them into universal machines capable of introducing all types of mineral fertilizers, calcareous materials and their mixtures, of any particle size distribution and application rate.