The Unfolding of the Lotus: A Survey of Recent Developments in Shin Buddhism in the West

Abstract

In the lobby of the Hongwanji International Center in Kyoto, there is a world map indicating the world outreach of Shin Buddhism. The radiating spokes point to branches in North America-United States and Canada; South America-Brazil; Europe-Germany and Switzerland; and Asia-Okinawa and Taiwan. Over the map the plaque reads Shinshu Unites the World. In the years since the map was installed, new Shin communities have emerged in Mexico, England, Belgium, Austria, and Poland. The international growth of Shin Buddhism can be likened to the unfolding of a lotus. The chrysalis or bud of the lotus is its center and foundation in Japan. With the increase of information and study of Jodo Shinshu among scholars of religion and lay people, the significance and challenge of the Shin interpretation of Buddhism has become clearer. With these developments has come the recognition that despite its deep root in and relation to the overseas Japanese immigrant communities, located largely in North and South America, Shin Buddhism is a world religion, universal in scope and capable of meeting the spiritual needs of persons unconnected toJapanese society and culture. With these brief observations as background, we will survey some of the most significant aspects of the continuing international progress of Shin Buddhism as it has taken shape through influential leaders, organizations, and literature. In order to put our study in proper perspective, it should be noted that the international thrust of Shin Buddhism began much earlier in the Meiji era (1868-1911) as laborers went abroad to work in various parts of the world. Later, within the sphere of advancingJapanese political influence in the twentieth century, missions were established in China, Korea (then Chosen), and Taiwan (then Formosa). From the very beginnings of Shin Buddhism in America, there have been efforts to reach English-speaking western people. In Hawaii the universalistic perspective was promoted by Bishop Yemyo Imamura, who was the foremost leader from 1900-1932. He initiated a variety of outreach activities sponsored by the International Buddhist Association. He encouraged the use of English in