The Underlying Values of Data Ethics Frameworks: A Critical Analysis of Discourses and Power Structures

Abstract

Abstract A multitude of ethical guidelines and codes of conduct have been released by private and public organizations during the past years. Those abstract statements serve as a response to incidents of discriminatory algorithms and systems and have been quantitatively investigated for the proclaimed principles. The current study focuses on four frameworks designed for application during the development of new technologies. The purpose is to identify values and value conflicts and consider how these are represented in relation to established discourses, practices, and attitudes in Computer and Information Ethics. This helps to understand to what extent the frameworks contribute to social change. Critical Discourse Analysis according to Fairclough is used to examine language and discourses, and review edition and publication processes. Well-established values like transparency, non-maleficence, justice, accountability, and privacy were detected whereas value conflicts were barely addressed. Interestingly, the values were more often framed by a business, and technology discourse than an ethical discourse. The results suggest a hegemonic struggle between academia and tech industry whereas power asymmetries between developers and stakeholders are reinforced. It is recommended to extend stakeholder participation from the beginning and emphasize value conflicts. This can contribute to advance the field and effectively encourage a public debate about the desired technological progress.