The Underlying Factors Of Rural-Urban Migration In Southeastern Nigeria: A Study In Nsukka Region Of Enugu State

Abstract

This research appraised the underlying factors of rural-urban migration in southeastern Nigeria with focus on Nsukka Region of Enugu state. It utilized the survey research design which involved the use of household questionnaires in data collection. The study covered 4 local government areas, 16 communities and 910 households. Data analysis was done with Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The PCA identified five underlying push factors of migration in the region to include: presence of impelled migration; poor income generating opportunities; escaping unfavourable conditions; transfer as a factor of migration and escaping conflict and insecurity of life. PCA result equally showed seven underlying dimensions that pull migrants to urban destinations namely: seek improved economic status; accessible destinations; join spouse; seek greater development; stay with relations; enjoy more convivial environment and engage in politics. it is found that the strength of push and pull factors are almost equal as determinants of rural-urban migration in the region as each of these groups of factors exert approximately 61% of pressure on the migrant to migrate out of the rural areas of the study area and also to in-migrate to the urban areas. Among the recommendations is that special incentives be offered to private firms and companies that locate in the rural areas of the region to boost employment opportunities and so downgrade rural out-migration.