Abstract
The founders of the post-World War II U.S. “containment” strategy, George Kennan and Paul Nitze, had both opposed NATO enlargement into central and eastern Europe following the Soviet collapse. In February 1997, Kennan asserted that NATO enlargement “would be the most fatal error of U.S. policy in the entire post-Cold era.”1 On the surface, this statement appears to have been overtaken by the colossal strategic blunder of U.S. intervention in Iraq. (See Chapter 3.) Yet, the global ramifications of U.S. military expansion and NATO enlargement have begun to reveal themselves: Russian leaders have begun to more forthrightly denounce U.S. National Missile Defense (NMD) policy, NATO enlargement, and the 1990 Conventional Force in Europe (CFE) treaty (adapted in 1999).2 On July 14, 2007, Russia stated that it would suspend its participation in the CFE until NATO ratified the treaty.
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