Abstract
The calculation of the phase correction and the associated uncertainty in the measurement of sphere diameters carried out by optical interferometers is of particular interest. With this view, a Gaussian-beam tracing method was utilized for application to the sphere-interferometer at the National Metrology Institute of Japan as it was used to measure the volume of the 28Si spheres in the determination of the Avogadro constant. Monte Carlo simulations taking account also of possible interferometer misalignments reveal a correction and its uncertainty of 0.609(139) nm.
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