Abstract
The woody cell wall starts ontogenetically as an isotropic gel termed matrix which is later reinforced by elementary fibrils of cellulose and finally encrusted with lignin. The parallel texture of the fibrils induces the striking anisotropy of the wall. The reinforcing effect of the fibrils depends on the square of their length, their friction coefficient towards the matrix and the shear modulus (rigidity) of the matrix. Since the diameter of the reinforcing fibrils is not essential, but as their number is decisive, it makes sense that the cellulose fibres are dispersed down to the tiny elementary fibrils of only 35 A diameter!
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