Abstract
Objective evaluation of the efficiency of ultrasonic cleaning machines has hitherto been frustrated by the lack of suitable measuring processes for the quantitative determination of the degree of cleaning, and the acoustic energy existing in the bath. A method for obtaining reproducible measurements of the degree of cleaning and the effects of various parameters on the ultrasonic cleaning process are described. In particular, the relations between the energy density, the electrical power supplied to the ultrasonically excited tanks, and the degree of cleaning are discussed. Experiments carried out using different types of oscillation modulation show that optimal cleaning efficiency is achieved with a simple half-wave modulation form.
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