Abstract
An evaluation of the organization of neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) ideally requires a controlled trial comparing outcomes for infants randomly allocated to different models of care between or within NICUs. As this is not currently feasible, the most reliable strategy is a risk-adjusted comparison of outcomes from nationally representative samples of NICUs with contrasting organizational characteristics. The UK Neonatal Staffing Study is a prospective observational study of 6400 infants from 48 randomly selected NICUs stratified by size, availability of consultant medical staff and nursing provision. Organizational characteristics will be related to mortality, morbidity such as major brain damage or nosocomial bacteraemia, as well as costs, staff well-being and satisfaction.
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