Abstract

The importance of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) as a cause of anovulatory infertility and of hirsutism has been recognized for more than half a century but it has become increasingly obvious that the presence of polycystic ovaries has wider implications within and beyond the field of reproductive function. This is largely due to recent advances in ultrasound imaging of the ovaries. It is clear that polycystic ovaries are not only much more prevalent in patients with anovulation or hirsutism than would be predicted from endocrine investigation alone (Adams, Poison & Franks, 1986; Fox, Corrigan, Thomas & Hull, 1991) but also occur in over 80% of 'fertile' women who have a history of recurrent early pregnancy loss (Sagle, Bishop, Ridley et al. 1988) and in a significant proportion (22%) of the normal population (Polson, Adams, Wadsworth & Franks, 1988). The latter findings have called into question the specificity of the polycystic

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