Abstract
The ubiquitin (Ub) system is involved in most, if not all, biological processes in eukaryotes. The major specificity determinants of this system are the E3 ligases, which bind and ubiquitinate specific sets of proteins and are thereby responsible for target recruitment to the proteasome or other cellular processing machineries. The Ub system contributes to the regulation of the production, perception and signal transduction of plant hormones. Jasmonic acid (JA) and its derivatives, known as jasmonates (JAs), act as signaling compounds regulating plant development and plant responses to various biotic and abiotic stress conditions. We provide here an overview of the current understanding of the Ub system involved in JA signaling.
Highlights
Introduction to JasmonatesJasmonic acid (JA) together with its precursors and derivatives, referred to in general as jasmonates (JAs), play diverse roles in most plant cells and organs
The most abundant type of CUL-RING E3 ligase (CRL) in plants are SKP1/CUL/F-box (SCF) CRLs characterized by the presence of CUL1 and a substrate-recognition module composed of ASK1/2
Evidence for the in vivo ubiquitination of these two Jasmonate ZIM-domain (JAZ) proteins was obtained through proteome-wide or targeted mass spectrometry-based approaches that led to the identification of a di-glycine modification of the proteins; a modification that is derived from Ub or a Ub-like modifiers (UBLs) and remains on the target protein after trypsin digestion, an intermediary step during the preparation of samples for mass spectrometric analysis [67,81]
Summary
Jasmonic acid (JA) together with its precursors and derivatives, referred to in general as jasmonates (JAs), play diverse roles in most plant cells and organs. JAs regulate the response to wounding [1,2,3], to a large part by inducing specialized metabolism [4]. The production of JAs is triggered by wounding, caused mechanically or by herbivore attack, by infection with necrotrophic pathogens or by exposure to several abiotic stress conditions, among others, and supports the establishment of adequate defense responses against these threats [1,2]. JA is further metabolized into various derivatives, including the volatile compound methyl jasmonate (MeJA) [2,9]. Another JA derivative is formed by conjugation of JA with the amino acid Ile by JASMONATE RESISTANT1 (JAR1) [10,11]. We will focus on the multi-layered involvement of the Ub system in JA signaling
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