The U.S. hemp-derived cannabinoid industry and the potential of self-regulation: Using social media to assess an evolving health risk

Abstract

BackgroundFacing statewide bans and increasing oversight in the U.S., representatives from the hemp-derived cannabinoid industry, product advocates, and consumers have been discussing self-policing and self-regulation. Prominent examples of these discussions are found online in Reddit groups. MethodsWe conducted a qualitative thematic analysis of Reddit posts between September 2020 to August 2022, focusing on the conversations surrounding regulation and consumer safety. Approximately 3800 posts were collected and subject to initial analysis. Thematic analysis was guided by literature on self-regulation and consumer health, from the anthropology of pharmaceuticals and the commercial determinants of health. ResultsThe hemp-derived cannabinoid community is discussing self-regulation, shared standards, and transparency. Self-regulation is desired by many, in hopes to stave off prohibition or restrictive government regulation and simultaneously protect consumer health. However, there is little agreement as to what these standards should be, who should oversee them, or how basic concepts should be defined. Subreddit moderators note the ease at which unlicensed or untested products can enter retail store shelves or the informal market, thereby putting health at risk. Given the lack of collective agreement, the absence of state and federal oversight, and the possibilities for consumer deception, consumer frustration and confusion are rampant. With limited access to trustworthy and verifiable information about product safety, purchasers ultimately resort to experimenting on their own bodies to assess risks and benefits. ConclusionsReddit posts reflect the multiple existing tensions in the evolving industry between a genuine appeal among some for workable and consistent industry standards that could protect consumer health, a distrust of regulatory scrutiny from state or federal government, and a desire by others to maintain current profits within the existing unrestrictive free market. Our findings emphasize the urgency of developing coherent, collective, agreed upon policies structured by objective, transparent, scientifically informed regulation in order to develop a safe supply of cannabinoid products and protect consumer health.