Abstract
Aim:To identify the types of endocrine cells in the pancreas of the Sunda porcupine (Hystrix javanica) and its immunolocalization.Materials and Methods:Five adult H. javanica were used without sexual distinction. The presences of endocrine cells (glucagon, insulin, somatostatin, and pancreatic polypeptide [PP]) in pancreatic tissues were detected using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method.Results:The fusiform, round, and oval form endocrine cells were detected in the islets of Langerhans and exocrine parts. Most of the insulin cells were found in the central area, glucagon cells were identified in the central and peripheral areas, and somatostatin and PP cells were detected in the mantle area of the islets of Langerhans. Glucagon and somatostatin cells were also detected in smaller numbers of peripheral parts of the islet. In all of the islet parts, glucagon endocrine cells were most prevalent cell type and then, somatostatin, insulin, and PP. In the exocrine parts, PP, somatostatin, glucagon, and insulin endocrine cells were found in the inter-acinus part with moderate, moderate, a few and rare numbers, in that order. In the pancreatic duct, glucagon and somatostatin cells were found between epithelial cells in rare numbers.Conclusion:The pancreas of Sunda porcupine (H. javanica) contains four types of major pancreatic endocrine cells with approximately similar distribution patterns to the other rodents, except for abundant glucagon cells in the peripheral area of the islets of Langerhans.
Highlights
The Sunda porcupine, Hystrix javanica, belonging to the genus Hystrix in the family Hystricidae is one of the Old World porcupines [1]
The research clarified the presence of four types pancreatic endocrine cells including insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, and PP in the islets of Langerhans, exocrine acini and pancreatic duct of H. javanica
In contrast to the previous findings, the present study showed that in the islets of Langerhans of H. javanica, glucagon cells types were demonstrated mainly in the central and peripheral areas with numerous numbers, and only a few numbers of these cells were situated in the mantle area
Summary
The Sunda porcupine, Hystrix javanica, belonging to the genus Hystrix in the family Hystricidae is one of the Old World porcupines [1]. There are eight porcupine species of subgenera Acanthion, Hystric, and Thecurus within the genus Hystrix of porcupines. Sunda porcupine is one of the porcupine species belonging to the subgenus Acanthion, which endemic to Indonesia. This herbivore species is only found in Java, Bali, Sumbawa, Flores, Lombok, Madura, and Tanah Djampea island of Indonesia [2,3]. The pancreas is a composite gland consisting of exocrine and endocrine parts. The endocrine part, the pancreatic islets (islets of Langerhans), consists of masses of endocrine cells embedded within the exocrine pancreas, where pancreatic hormones of insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) are distributed into
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