Abstract
Visual performance has been studied since the 1930s to help establish a foundation for recommended illuminances. Two approaches were taken to research visual performance, one by Weston in Great Britain and the other by Luckiesh in the United States, leading to different recommended illuminances in the two countries. Because of the energy crisis of the 1970s, applied research into visual performance was undertaken to resolve the discrepancy, resulting in a model of relative visual performance. More recently, a controversy has emerged regarding the value of illuminating roadways. Recent research shows that the incremental improvements in visual performance provided by roadway lighting are correlated with the incremental reductions in night-time crashes, demonstrating that an understanding of visual performance remains important for lighting practice.
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