Abstract
We present the experimental end-station TRIXS dedicated to time-resolved soft x-ray resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) experiments on solid samples at the free-electron laser FLASH. Using monochromatized ultrashort femtosecond XUV/soft x-ray photon pulses in combination with a synchronized optical laser in a pump-probe scheme, the TRIXS setup allows measuring sub-picosecond time-resolved high-resolution RIXS spectra in the energy range from 35 eV to 210 eV, thus spanning the M-edge (M1 and M2,3) absorption resonances of 3d transition metals and N4,5-edges of rare earth elements. A Kirkpatrick–Baez refocusing mirror system at the first branch of the plane grating monochromator beamline (PG1) provides a focus of (6 × 6) μm2 (FWHM) at the sample. The RIXS spectrometer reaches an energy resolution of 35–160 meV over the entire spectral range. The optical laser system based on a chirped pulse optical parametric amplifier provides approximately 100 fs (FWHM) long photon pulses at the fundamental wavelength of 800 nm and a fluence of 120 mJ/cm2 at a sample for optical pump-XUV probe measurements. Furthermore, optical frequency conversion enables experiments at 400 nm or 267 nm with a fluence of 80 and 30 mJ/cm2, respectively. Some of the first (pump-probe) RIXS spectra measured with this setup are shown. The measured time resolution for time-resolved RIXS measurements has been characterized as 287 fs (FWHM) for the used energy resolution.
Highlights
High-resolution resonant inelastic x-ray scattering in the soft x-ray range has developed into a powerful technique for studying lowenergy excitations in condensed matter, and probing electronic, orbital, spin, and lattice degrees of freedom in an element-specific and chemical selective manner (Ament et al, 2011)
We present the experimental end-station TRIXS dedicated to time-resolved soft x-ray resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) experiments on solid samples at the free-electron laser FLASH
Using monochromatized ultrashort femtosecond XUV/soft x-ray photon pulses in combination with a synchronized optical laser in a pump-probe scheme, the TRIXS setup allows measuring sub-picosecond time-resolved highresolution RIXS spectra in the energy range from 35 eV to 210 eV, spanning the M-edge (M1 and M2,3) absorption resonances of 3d transition metals and N4,5-edges of rare earth elements
Summary
High-resolution resonant inelastic x-ray scattering in the soft x-ray range has developed into a powerful technique for studying lowenergy excitations in condensed matter, and probing electronic, orbital, spin, and lattice degrees of freedom in an element-specific and chemical selective manner (Ament et al, 2011). Parchenko et al demonstrated a sub-picosecond orbital dynamics during a photoinduced insulator to metal phase transition in V2O3, a classical Mott-Hubbard material by the time-resolved RIXS at Vanadium L2,3-edge (523 eV) performed at the soft x-ray materials science (SXR) beamline (Parchenko et al, 2020). These experiments with energy and temporal resolution already achieved have clearly demonstrated the enormous potential of the time-resolved RIXS method and motivate its further development. The sample chamber is equipped with a flow cryostat using liquid 4He which is, in the present assembly, able to control the sample temperature between 65 K and 800 K
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