The triglyceride/glucose index as an insulin resistance marker in the pediatric population and its relation to eating habits and physical activity

Abstract

IntroductionTo examine the triglyceride/glucose index (TyG) as an insulin resistance marker in obese children and adolescents and its relation to clinical and biochemical parameters, body composition and lifestyle. Patients and methodSixty patients aged 7–16 years of age were enrolled. Anthropometric variables were recorded, together with pubertal stage, blood pressure and body composition assessed by bioimpedance. The TyG index was calculated as ln (fasting glucose (mg/dL) × triglycerides (mg/dL))/2 and the HOMA (homeostatic model assessment) index as fasting insulin (μU/mL) × fasting glucose (mmol/L)/22.5. Feeding habits were documented by adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern questionnaire, while physical activity was assessed using the International Sedentary Assessment Tool (ISAT), as well as accelerometry (Actigraph wGT3X+). ResultsThe mean TyG index was 4.45 ± 0.18, and proved higher in the pubertal group. We found a positive correlation with the HOMA index (r = 0.39; P = 0.03) and TG/HDL-c index (r = 0.53; P < 0.001). The best cut-off point of the TyG index for predicting insulin resistance was 4.21 in prepubertal children (sensitivity 84%, specificity 100%; AUC: 0.84) and 4.33 in pubertal children (sensitivity 89%, specificity 69%; AUC: 0.61). A positive correlation was found with screen time (r = 0.39; P = 0.01), as well as a negative correlation with caloric expenditure (Kcal/day) in the prepubertal group (r = −0.81; P = 0.005). ConclusionsThe TyG index could be a useful insulin resistance marker in the pediatric population. Moderate to vigorous physical activity should be encouraged, as well as restricting screen time for leisure purposes, mainly in the prepubertal group.