Abstract
Knowing the pattern of surface winds on the seas and oceans and how it changes over time is of great importance. In this research, the monthly surface wind fields on the Indian Ocean have been studied and analyzed for a 35-year period (1981-2015), using NCEP/NCAR data reanalysis. The results show that transition from cold to warm pattern happens in May and that the summer monsoon pattern begins in June and continues until August. The wind speed pattern tends to the winter monsoon from November on. The maximum average wind speed in June is 13 m/s and its minimum is 2 m/s in October. Direction of prevailing winds is the southwest in the summer. The highest wind speed happens in the latitude of 10 - 15 degrees. Analysis of the wind distribution shows that the wind speed of 2 - 5 m/s happens in about 60% of the cases. There is probability of blowing 0.5 - 4 m/s wind for all months; but this probability is higher in the autumn (October and November) than that in the summer (July and August). Probability of the monthly over 5 m/s winds shows a definitely opposite distribution; that is, wind speed in July and August is higher than that in October. A long-term survey on the speed of surface water wind and sea surface temperature shows an opposite changing trend in wind speed and sea surface temperature during a 55-year statistical period. Wind speed reduced, while the sea surface temperature was increasing. The wind speed gradient in the upper levels of atmosphere graph has been increasing; this phenomenon confirms the effects of global warming and ocean warming on the monsoon system patterns in the Indian Ocean. Keywords North
Highlights
Oceans and seas are among the most effective environments on the countries’ economy, security and culture
The results show that transition from cold to warm pattern happens in May and that the summer monsoon pattern begins in June and continues until August
One third of the southern coast strip of Iran is covered by the Oman Sea coast, which connects to the Indian Ocean and is affected by its pattern changes in long-term
Summary
Oceans and seas are among the most effective environments on the countries’ economy, security and culture. The aim of this research is to determine the monthly wind field of the Oman Sea, the Arab Sea, the Indian Ocean as well as study the wind speed changes in a long-term statistical period, in order to specify the effects of the climate changes on these parameters in the studied region, Figure 1. These changes would be considered relative to the increase of latitude
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