Abstract
The knowledge of the practical limitations on accelerating voltage and resolution in image intensifiers has aroused interest in seeking new means of obtaining large electron gains in a direct view image intensifier. In 1963, a new direct view image intensifier tube using the phenomenon of transmission secondary emission was proposed. In this tube, electron multiplication took place in a number of plane parallel, vacuum-spaced, thin-film dynodes. These dynodes consisted of thin films of a metal in intimate contact with an insulator having a high secondary emission yield. The thin film system used in early feasibility studies consisted of potassium chloride on gold on silicon monoxide supported by a 50% open area nickel mesh having 500 holes to the linear inch. The use of mesh support for thin film dynodes adds greatly to the strength of these structures, but it also has a number of disadvantages. In an effort to avoid the difficulties, the use of optically transparent aluminum oxide was suggested, which is formed by an anodization process, as a support structure.
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