The Transmission of Family Food and Mealtime Practices From Adolescence to Adulthood: Longitudinal Findings From Project EAT-IV

Abstract

ObjectiveTo determine whether family food and mealtime practices experienced in adolescence are carried forward into parenthood. DesignBaseline (Project Eating and Activity in Teens and Young Adults [EAT]-I) and 15-year follow-up (EAT-IV) survey data from a population-based cohort study (Project EAT). ParticipantsCohort members identified as parents at follow-up (n = 727). To gain additional data about the practices of both parents in the household, significant others completed surveys at EAT-IV (n = 380). Main Outcome MeasureFrequency of family meals, healthfulness of foods at home, frequency of meals in front of the television, and expectations of being home for dinner. AnalysisLinear regression models tested associations between parent food and mealtime practices reported at baseline and follow-up controlling for demographics. ResultsHealthy and unhealthy home food availability, expectations to be home for dinner, and eating in front of the television in adolescence predicted similar outcomes 15 years later among female parents (effect sizes range: β = .2–.3; P < .001), and to a lesser extent among males. Families ate more frequent family meals when either 1 or both parents reported frequent family meals as an adolescent compared with when neither parent reported frequent family meals as an adolescent. Conclusions and ImplicationsIt is important to invest in parenting interventions that target healthful family food and mealtime practices because of the potential long-term impact on their own children's parenting practices.