Abstract
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and Bipolar Disorder (BD) have a high prevalence and detrimental socio-economic consequences for the patients and the community. Furthermore, the depressive symptomatology of both disorders is essentially identical, thus rendering the clinical differential diagnosis between the two significantly more difficult considering the concomitant lack of objective biomarkers. Mood disorders are multifactorial disorders the pathophysiology of which includes genetic, epigenetic, neurobiological, neuroimmunological, structural and functional brain alterations, etc. Aberrant genetic variants as well as changed differential expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been implicated in the pathophysiology of MDD and BD. MiRNAs as well as lncRNAs have regulatory and modulating functions on protein-- coding gene expression thus influencing the remodeling of the architecture, neurotransmission, immunomodulation, etc. in the Central Nervous System (CNS) which are essential in the development of psychiatric disorders including MDD and BD. Moreover, both shared and distinct structural, connectivity, task-related and metabolic features have been observed via functional magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy, suggesting the possibility of a dimensional continuum between the two disorders instead of a categorical differentiation. Aberrant connectivity within and between the Default Mode Network, the Salience Network, Executive Network, etc. as well as dysfunctional emotion, cognitive and executive processing have been associated with mood disorders. Therefore, the aim of this review is to explore a more multidimensional framework in the scientific research of mood disorders, including epigenetic and neuroimaging data in order to shape an outline for their translational capacity in clinical practice.
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
