The transjugular route: The key hole to the liver world

Abstract

Portal hypertensive complications are major causes of morbidity and mortality in patients with liver cirrhosis. The advent of the transjugular route with its minimal access allows non-surgical management of portal hypertension, therapy of venous complications of liver transplantation, monitoring of therapy for portal hypertension, hepatic venous pressure gradient and is also the major route to treat hepatic venous obstruction syndromes. In addition, the transjugular route is a safe route to perform a liver biopsy (transjugular liver biopsy) and allows retrograde evaluation of the portal vein. All these procedures can be combined in the same session. These hepatic interventional radiological skills should be incorporated into the expertise of the liver team in specialised hepatological centres, particularly in liver transplant centres as they are especially useful in improving outcomes of cirrhotic patients on the liver transplantation waiting list. A limitation in achieving this goal, could be the number of experienced radiologists, but hepatologists can be trained, at least for the most simple procedures (transjugular liver biopsy and hepatic venous pressure gradient). This would allow wider applicability and use of these diagnostic and therapeutic techniques, all through a 2 mm hole in the neck—the key hole to the liver world.