Abstract
After the Sino-Japanese War of 1894–1895, a new sense of urgency, which broadened the sphere of borrowing that I had mentioned, was present. A best example of the new urgency, which led to extreme reform, would be what we call the transitional thinkers of the 1892s, Kang Youwei, Liang Qichao, Yan Fu and Tan Sitong. These are people who grew up perfectly comfortable with Chinese culture, but when they came of age, Chinese culture became a question (that is, it was in question) primarily because of the conflicts that it was perceived to have between nationalism and national survival.
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