The Transition from Animal to Linguistic Communication.

Harry Smit

doi:10.1007/s13752-016-0246-2

Abstract

Darwin’s theory predicts that linguistic behavior gradually evolved out of animal forms of communication (signaling). However, this prediction is confronted by the conceptual problem that there is an essential difference between signaling and linguistic behavior: using words is a normative practice. It is argued that we can resolve this problem if we (1) note that language evolution is the outcome of an evolutionary transition, and (2) observe that the use of words evolves during ontogenesis out of babbling. It is discussed that language evolved as the result of an expansion of the vocalizing powers of our ancestors. This involved an increase in the volitional control of our speech apparatus (leading to the ability to produce new combinations of vowels and consonants), but also the evolution of socially guided learning. It resulted in unique human abilities, namely doing things with words and later reasoning and giving reasons.

Highlights

Humans are unique because they are language-using creatures
Linguistic behavior could evolve because the vocalizing powers of our ancestors expanded as the result of enhanced control, mediated by the cortex, of the vocal apparatus
This enabled our ancestors to extend and replace babbling with what became linguistic expressions consisting of different vowels and consonants in successive syllables

Summary

Introduction

Humans are unique because they are language-using creatures. This observation raises the question of how and why language evolved in only the human species. It is important to discuss this question, because it clarifies the problem of whether animal signals are possible precursors of linguistic behavior, and what the differences between animal signaling and using words are.

Results

Conclusion