The transformation of women’s role in terrorism: from victims to active players

Abstract

In studies of terrorism, women are generally considered to be passive, vulnerable victims. Despite increasing awareness of the various roles of women in terrorism, the attention of media and analysts is directed at those who claim responsibility for the incidents. Therefore, the issues pertinent to the identity, gender and role of the perpetrators remain marginalized. Using descriptive-analytical method and a historical view of the evolution of women’s roles in terrorist organizations, the present research examines women’s motivation for membership in these organizations as well as transformation of women’s role in terrorist activities. The results of the research suggest that women, for personal, cultural and social reasons, play a role as members of terrorist organizations at all levels and even as leaders of these organizations. Initially, women’s role was limited to doing promotional work and collecting information and resources. But gradually, as their motivation and awareness increased and they received further military training, they now participate as effective agents in the executive, decision-making and leadership structures of terrorist organizations. The progressive trend of women’s recruitment in terrorist groups indicates that women’s role in terrorism has transformed from being passive, submissive players to being active players. This raises serious concerns regarding the prevalence of extremism among future generations as a result of women’s essential role in the upbringing of these generations. Raising awareness in the international community about the multiple roles played by women in terrorism could be effective in development of relevant policies, enhancing women’s functions, and fighting violent extremism.