Abstract
Recently, several studies have indicated an increased interest in the scientific community regarding the application of Cannabis sativa plants, and their extracts, for medicinal purposes. This plant of enormous medicinal potential has been legalised in an increasing number of countries globally. Due to the recent changes in therapeutic and recreational legislation, cannabis and cannabinoids are now frequently permitted for use in clinical settings. However, with their highly lipophilic features and very low aqueous solubility, cannabinoids are prone to degradation, specifically in solution, as they are light-, temperature-, and auto-oxidation-sensitive. Thus, plant-derived cannabinoids have been developed for oral, nasal-inhalation, intranasal, mucosal (sublingual and buccal), transcutaneous (transdermal), local (topical), and parenteral deliveries. Among these administrations routes, topical and transdermal products usually have a higher bioavailability rate with a prolonged steady-state plasma concentration. Additionally, these administrations have the potential to eliminate the psychotropic impacts of the drug by its diffusion into a nonreactive, dead stratum corneum. This modality avoids oral administration and, thus, the first-pass metabolism, leading to constant cannabinoid plasma levels. This review article investigates the practicality of delivering therapeutic cannabinoids via skin in accordance with existing literature.
Highlights
For many years, cannabis has been used both as a fibre source and as an edible seed [1,2]
Skin diffusion can occur by (a) the intercellular way, through the gaps between the corneocytes or (b) the transcellular way, through the corneocytes and neighbouring lipid matrix or (c) the appendageal way; via the sweat glands and hair follicles [82]. This attribute can be used as an alternative means for drug delivery, especially for transdermal application into the blood circulation, and it is easier for patience than oral and parenteral administration [51,83]
Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) have gained significant attention recently due to a vast range of advantages linked to self-administration, preferred patient compliance, bypassing of the first-pass effect, and immune-surveillance functions [85,86]
Summary
Cannabis has been used both as a fibre source and as an edible seed [1,2]. Of cannabinoids has been shown involve multiple steps in theThe carcinogenesis process, or suppressing agents in these mechanistic pathways against various cancer types, includ‐. Cannabinoids are lipophilic agents that bind to previously mentioned endocannabinoid receptors that regulate numerous signalling pathways in many tissues and organs, including skin, blood vessels, immune cells, lungs, liver, and the brain for the re-establishment of homeostasis following multiple disorders [25,39], for instance, pain and inflammatory management [40], Alzheimer’s disease [41], and cancer [18,27,42,43]. Culation [52] may result in the sustained delivery of phytocannabinoids to targeted organs and tissues
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