The trafficking protein Tmed2/p24β 1 is required for morphogenesis of the mouse embryo and placenta

Abstract

During vesicular transport between the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi, members of the TMED/p24 protein family form hetero-oligomeric complexes that facilitate protein-cargo recognition as well as vesicle budding. In addition, they regulate each other's level of expression. Despite analyses of TMED/p24 protein distribution in mammalian cells, yeast, and C. elegans, little is known about the role of this family in vertebrate embryogenesis. We report the presence of a single point mutation in Tmed2/p24β 1 in a mutant mouse line, 99J, identified in an ENU mutagenesis screen for recessive developmental abnormalities. This mutation does not affect Tmed2/p24β 1 mRNA levels but results in loss of TMED2/p24β 1 protein. Prior to death at mid-gestation, 99J homozygous mutant embryos exhibit developmental delay, abnormal rostral–caudal elongation, randomized heart looping, and absence of the labyrinth layer of the placenta. We find that Tmed2/p24β 1 is normally expressed in tissues showing morphological defects in 99J mutant embryos and that these affected tissues lack the TMED2/p24β 1 oligomerization partners, TMED7/p24γ 3 and TMED10/p24δ 1. Our data reveal a requirement for TMED2/p24β 1 protein in the morphogenesis of the mouse embryo and placenta.