Abstract
The worldwide economic cost of road crashes and injuries is estimated to be US$518 billion per year and the annual congestion cost in France is estimated to be €5.9 billion. Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs) are one solution to improve transport features such as traffic safety, traffic jam and infotainment on wheels, where a great number of event-driven messages need to be disseminated in a timely way in a region of interest. In comparison with traditional wireless networks, VANETs have to consider the highly dynamic network topology and lossy links due to node mobility. Inter-Vehicle Communication (IVC) protocols are the keystone of VANETs. According to our survey, most of the proposed IVC protocols focus on either highway or urban scenarios, but not on both. Furthermore, too few protocols, considering both scenarios, can achieve high performance. In this paper, an infrastructure-less Traffic Adaptive data Dissemination (TrAD) protocol which takes into account road traffic and network traffic status for both highway and urban scenarios will be presented. TrAD has double broadcast suppression techniques and is designed to adapt efficiently to the irregular road topology. The performance of the TrAD protocol was evaluated quantitatively by means of realistic simulations taking into account different real road maps, traffic routes and vehicular densities. The obtained simulation results show that TrAD is more efficient in terms of packet delivery ratio, number of transmissions and delay in comparison with the performance of three well-known reference protocols. Moreover, TrAD can also tolerate a reasonable degree of GPS drift and still achieve efficient data dissemination.
Highlights
The economic impacts of road crashes, injuries and the annual congestion are very important, even without considering the impact on the environment [1,2]
Messages until it meets opportunities to forward the stored data messages to Beacon and Beaconing: A beacon is defined as a periodic message that is responsible for exchanging uninformed vehicles that come from other Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs)
In case of the Manhattan map (Figure 8a), the Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) of Traffic Adaptive data Dissemination (TrAD) and Urban Vehicular Broadcast (UV-CAST) already achieves over 90% when the vehicular density equals 40 v/km2, and reaches close to 100% when the vehicular density is 80 v/km2
Summary
The economic impacts of road crashes, injuries and the annual congestion are very important, even without considering the impact on the environment [1,2]. VANETs offers characteristics that are highly dynamic and data-intensive, spatially and temporally localized, which makes the design of data dissemination protocols a challenging task [7] To solve these problems, in general a broadcast communication technique is often used to disseminate data packets because it is flexible enough to spread messages to vehicles with high dynamics in a region of interest (ROI) [8,9,10,11,12]. The Traffic Adaptive data Dissemination (TrAD) protocol is proposed in an attempt to address these problems in both urban and highway scenarios, while simultaneously aiming for high packet delivery ratio, low network overhead and low delay. We establish an assessment of the TrAD protocol and present the future work
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