The traditional lunch pattern is inversely correlated with body mass index in a population-based study in Brazil

Roberta De Oliveira Santos,Diva Aliete Dos Santos Vieira,Dirce Maria Marchioni,Valéria Troncoso Baltar,Andreia Alexandra Machado Miranda,Regina Mara Fisberg

doi:10.1186/s12889-017-4582-3

Roberta De Oliveira Santos, Diva Aliete Dos Santos Vieira + Show 4 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-017-4582-3

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Abstract

BackgroundThe association of obesity and dietary patterns has been well documented in scientific literature; however, information on the impact of meal patterns on obesity is scarce. The objective of this study was to investigate the association of adherence to lunch patterns and body mass index (BMI) in a representative sample of individuals aged 20 years or older in Sao Paulo.MethodsData for 933 participants were retrieved from the Health Survey of São Paulo (ISA-Capital 2008), a cross-sectional population-based survey. The usual dietary intake of individuals with at least one 24-h recall was estimated by the Multiple Source Method. The definition of lunch was self-reported by the participant. Five lunch patterns were derived from twenty-two food groups by exploratory factor analysis: Traditional, Western, Sweetened juice, Salad, and Meats. To estimate the effect of lunch patterns on BMI, we used a generalized linear model with link identity and inverse Gaussian distribution. Analyses were adjusted by age, gender, household income per capita, physical activity levels, smoking status, alcohol consumption, total energy intake, and misreporting status.ResultsThe greater adherence to the traditional pattern at the lunch meal was associated with lower BMI, only in insufficiently active individuals (ß = −0.78; 95% CI -1.57; −0.02).ConclusionsThe traditional Brazilian lunch pattern might protect the insufficiently active individuals against obesity.

Highlights

The association of obesity and dietary patterns has been well documented in scientific literature; information on the impact of meal patterns on obesity is scarce
The associations between dietary patterns, which consider the complexity of diets and the potential for interactions between food components, and obesity [5, 6], have been well documented in scientific literature [7,8,9,10,11]
Considering that individuals have structured meals and combine foods within these meals, it might be important to investigate the impact of meal patterns on chronic conditions such as obesity

Summary

Introduction

The association of obesity and dietary patterns has been well documented in scientific literature; information on the impact of meal patterns on obesity is scarce. The associations between dietary patterns, which consider the complexity of diets and the potential for interactions between food components, and obesity [5, 6], have been well documented in scientific literature [7,8,9,10,11]. Among the findings are the association between Western pattern and being overweight or obese, and the protective role of the Considering that individuals have structured meals and combine foods within these meals, it might be important to investigate the impact of meal patterns on chronic conditions such as obesity. Among the findings of a prospective study from the United Kingdom is that the lunch meal provided the greatest proportion of the total daily energy, protein, fat and carbohydrate intake, which was consistent over time [16]

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