Abstract
The current study carried out during Spring season of 2015 year under laboratory conditions, in at Plant Protection Research Institute , Doki, Giza, Egypt. The experiment aimed to study the toxic effects of Oleander, Nerium oleander and Soapweed, Yucca glauca as a botanical leaf extracts against Aphis craccivora nymphs , fecundity, physic-chemical properties and the identification of their chemical components. Botanical leavesextracted using chloroform , ethanol and water as a solvents. The results showed that crude extracts produced from N. oleander were the superb toxic than Yucca glauca, also N. oleander with Chloroform was the most effective followed by ethanol and water against A. craccivora , whereas water produced the least toxic extracts. On the other hand, the results indicated that Y. glauca recorded lowest LC50s and LC90s with Chloroform compared with Y glauca with other solvents. In case of , N. oleander extracts ( with chloroform, ethanol and water ) reduced fecundity (offspring number) of A. craccivora compared with Y glauca extracts, wherever N. oleander with chloroform recorded the lowest fecundity at a 800 ppm concentration followed by other concentrations. In addition to there are differences in physico-chemical properties between two botanical extracts with different solvent , the obtained result showed that foam disappearance in case of extracts with chloroform and ethanol but were 33 and 3 ml in case Y. glauca and N. oleander with water alone, surface tension were decreased when adding chloroform and ethanol recorded 18.74, 31.81 and 19.54, 31.81 with Y. glauca with chloroform , ethanol and N. oleander with chloroform and ethanol, respectively, but adding water to Y. glauca and N. oleander cause increasing surface tension recorded 59.48 and 65.14, respectively . Also, PH values ranged between high acidic and slightly acidic. On the other hand data showed that number of component of Yucca glauca and Nerium oleander extracts were contain 27 and 38 compounds, respectively. Recommendation : The paper recommended using Nerium oleander and Yucca glauca extracts with chloroform in A. craccivora ( Koch ) control.
Highlights
The cowpea aphid, Aphis craccivora is one of the most serious insect pests of broad bean Vicia faba, cowpea Vigna unguiculata and kidney bean Phaseolus vulgaris
Plant protection plays an important role in addition to good yield, heavy losses of bean are recorded by the attack of cowpea aphid, Aphis craccivora, In recent years, the use of pesticides, of insecticides, has become very common
Some chemicals have posed some serious problems to health and environmental safety, because of their high toxicity and prolonged persistence (Kulkarni and Joshi, 1998) but the culture of Egypt people is to consume the fresh vegetables that having the residues across maximum residue limit (MRL) (Mansoor et al, 2005)
Summary
The Toxicological Effects of Nerium oleander and Yucca glauca as Crude Leaf Extracts by Different Methods against Cowpea Aphid, Aphis craccivora (Koch) and Their Chemical Components. Abozeid Plant Protection Research Institute, ARC, Doki, Giza, Egypt
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