Abstract
The toxicities of commercial detergent (Ariel; Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate), a household cleaning agent was investigated on some enzymatic and protein activities of juvenile African mud catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Fishes were exposed to lethal and sub-lethal concentrations of detergent for 21 days in a renewal bioassay procedure. The median lethal concentrations (LC50) were derived using Finney probit method while protein and enzymatic activities were determined using Biuret and Randox methods respectively. The LC50 values for 96 hours acute bioassay test was 0.11 g/l. Detergent exposed fish showed significant increase (p ≤ 0.05) in serum AST (109.00 ± 3.79 to 111.00 ± 3.80); liver globulin at 0.008 g/l (2.47 ± 0.03) and 0.013 g/l (2.57 ± 0.03). Significant decrease was recorded in liver AST, (ALP and creatinine 137 ± 4.67 to 151 ± 2.52; 80.67 ± 0.88 to 86.67 ± 3.67 and 0.27 ± 0.07 to 0.60 ± 0.00 respectively across all sub- lethal concentrations. The enzymes and proteins from serum, liver and heart tissues of fish have shown vividly that detergent is capable of inducing adverse effects and impacting on the health of fish. Therefore, the presence of detergent in aquatic ecosystem could be dangerous to fish and subsequently human health.
Highlights
Detergents contain traces of iron, manganese and zinc
Healthy juveniles of African catfish species, Clarias gariepinus [26] with mean weight 17.23 ± 3.59 g and mean standard length 13.7 ± 0.9 cm were obtained from the Oyo State Fish Farms, Mokola, Ibadan and transported in unaerated container to the laboratory
Toxicity of detergent increased with increased concentration
Summary
Detergents contain traces of iron, manganese and zinc. They are cleaning products derived from synthetic organic chemicals with the ability to foam when used in acid or hard water [1]. The surfactant which are mainly responsible for the cleaning action include bleach, filler, foam, stabilizer, builder, perfume, soil suspending agents, enzymes, dyes, optical brighteners and other materials designed to enhance the cleaning action of the surfactant [1]. There are various types of surfactants used in detergents formulation; the linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS)-ionia surfactants is most widely used [2]. This was introduced as biodegradable alternative to the non-biodegradable branched-chained alkylbenzene sulfonates [3]. The LAS molecules absorb to the suspended solid in water bodies and end up in sediments along the water course or sludge in treatment plants [5]
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