Abstract
The housefly, Musca domestica L., is a cosmopolitan insect, associated with various diseases and is one of the species with the greatest ability to develop resistance to insecticides. The study designed to evaluate the larvicidal, pupicidal, adulticidal and ovicidal effect of lethal concentrations LC50 of R. communis and Z. officinalis essential oils against the housefly M. domestica L. The larvicidal mortality (LC50) values of R. communis and Z. officinalis essential oils against M. domestica were 349.40 ppm and 132.60 ppm, with mortality percentage 46.67±2.89 and 50.00±0.00, respectively. The LC50 doses showed pupation mortality percentage (31.21 and 46.67) and adult mortality percentage (36.90 and 63.33), respectively. As compared to control, the treated 2nd larval instar with either R. communis or Z. officinalis essential oils showed significant decline in the fecundity of M. domestica females through significant decrease in the total eggs number as compared to control (72.67% and 62.00%) with Effective Repellency (ER%) (51.34 and 58.48) and the Oviposition Activity (OAI) (-0.35 and -0.41), respectively. The hatchability of eggs recorded significant reduction as compared to control (86.38% and 73.66%) for R. communis and Z. officinalis, respectively. The present study revealed toxic properties of the tested plant extracts of R. communis and Z. officinalis against M. domestica L. and pave the way for its use as a measure of the eco-friendly housefly control.
Highlights
The housefly, Musca domestica (Linnaeus, 1758) (Diptera: Muscidae) considered one of the most hazardous pest on health in the environment transmitting many infectious diseases to human and livestock. (Cirillo, 2006; Barin et al, 2010; Farag et al, 2013; Hung et al, 2015)
Results of present study represented in Tables (1) and (2) declared the effect of both essential oils, R. communis and Z. officinalis as regard to larvicidal, pupicidal, adulticidal, total number of eggs and hatching percentage against M. domestica as compared with the analogous control
Communis and Z. officinalis toxicity against M. domestica larvae revealed LC50 values 349.40 ppm and 132.60 ppm, respectively, recording 46.67±2.89 and 50.00±0.00 mortality percentage that are significantly different at 0.05 level as compared with control value (11.67±2.89)
Summary
The housefly, Musca domestica (Linnaeus, 1758) (Diptera: Muscidae) considered one of the most hazardous pest on health in the environment transmitting many infectious diseases to human and livestock. (Cirillo, 2006; Barin et al, 2010; Farag et al, 2013; Hung et al, 2015). The use of chemical insecticides for housefly control induced insect resistance, affected the environment through water and soil contamination and became toxic to vertebrates (Yoke and Sudderuddin, 1975; do Prado, 2003; Abbas et al, 2016; Kasai et al, 2017). The use of plant extracts, as alternatives for housefly control could be very promising since these are ecofriendly, biodegradable as well as cost effective. Essential oils showed relatively non-toxic to fish, birds and mammals and biodegrade in the environment, turning them into good bio pesticides (Kumar et al, 2012). Many studies revealed satisfactory results from the use of several essential oils for the house fly M. domestica management (Abdel Halim and Morsy, 2005; Sinthusiri and Soonwera, 2013; Pinto et al, 2015). The synergistic action of essential oils with conventional chemical pesticide previously studied (Mansour and Mohamed, 2013)
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