Abstract
Toxicity effect of the Iraqi crude oil on the growth of two Cyanobacteria strains Microcystis flos-aquae (Wittr.) Kircher (unicellular) and Nostoc carneum Agardh (filamentous) was studied basing on it is biomass expressed as chlorophyll-a (μg/ml). Growth rate and doubling time of the cells were also calculated accordingly in present or absent of the crude oil. Also, Microscopical examination was observed to detect the morphological changes. Both species appeared different responses towards oil toxic influences with different concentrations and time of exposure. Growth was decreased gradually with Microcystis with addition of 10, 30, 50 and 70 mg/l of the crude oil, slightly toxic effects were observed with Nostoc in comparison to the control. Different significant correlations (P ≤ 0.05) were observed between growth of the cyanobacteria and the oil concentrations. Furthermore, results demonstrated that Microcystis was considered to be more sensitive than Nostoc towards crude oil concentrations.
Highlights
Petroleum is a major anthropogenic contaminant in the aquatic environment and may affect the community composition of the phytoplankton [1]
At today’s world, consumption level of about 85 million barrels per day of crude oil [2] which has certainly been accompanied by growing incidence of pollution due to oil spillage
The growth data indicated that both tested Cyanobacteria have slightly different behavior in response to crude oil depending on prepared concentrations and time of exposure, Microcystis flos-aquae appear to be sensitive than Nostoc carneum
Summary
Petroleum is a major anthropogenic contaminant in the aquatic environment and may affect the community composition of the phytoplankton [1]. At today’s world, consumption level of about 85 million barrels per day of crude oil [2] which has certainly been accompanied by growing incidence of pollution due to oil spillage. The annual influx of petroleum into the marine environment is estimated to be between 1.1 - 7.2 million metric tons [3]. It was estimated that 28% - 30% of spilled oil enters freshwater environment [4]. Oil pollution may be derived from various sources, Oil refinery wastes release high levels of hydrocarbons to water, over and. (2014) The Toxic Effects of Crude Oil in Some Freshwater Cyanobacteria.
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