Abstract
Obesity and prediabetes are the two strongest risk factors of type 2 diabetes. It has been reported that TOTUM-63, a polyphenol-rich plant extract, has beneficial effects on body weight (BW) and insulin resistance in mice fed a high fat diet (HFD). The study aim was to determine whether high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and/or TOTUM-63 supplementation improved body composition and glycemic control and gut microbiota composition in a Western diet-induced obesity rat model. Wistar rats received a standard diet (CTRL; control; n = 12) or HFD (HFD; n = 48) for 16 weeks. Then, HFD rats were divided in four groups: HFD, HFD + TOTUM-63 (T63), HFD + HIIT (HIIT), and HFD + HIIT +T63 (HIIT + T63). Training was performed 4 days/week for 12 weeks. TOTUM-63 was included in diet composition (2%). The HIIT + T63 combination significantly limited BW gain, without any energy intake modulation, and improved glycemic control. BW variation was correlated with increased α-diversity of the colon mucosa microbiota in the HIIT + T63 group. Moreover, the relative abundance of Anaeroplasma, Christensenellaceae and Oscillospira was higher in the HIIT + T63 group. Altogether, these results suggest that the HIIT and TOTUM-63 combination could be proposed for the management of obesity and prediabetes.
Highlights
IntroductionOverweight/obesity and prediabetes (a non-pathological stage characterized by increased fasting blood glucose, postprandial glucose and/or elevated hemoglobin A1c [2]) are the two strongest risk factors of Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) development [3]
Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) prevalence has been increasing worldwide in the last decades [1].Overweight/obesity and prediabetes are the two strongest risk factors of T2D development [3]
After 16 weeks of ad libitum high fat diet (HFD), body weight (BW) and total fat mass (FM) (g and %) were significantly increased in the HFD compared with the CTRL group (p < 0.05, Figure 2A,B) without difference in lean body mass (LBM) (p = 0.29) (Figure 2C)
Summary
Overweight/obesity and prediabetes (a non-pathological stage characterized by increased fasting blood glucose, postprandial glucose and/or elevated hemoglobin A1c [2]) are the two strongest risk factors of T2D development [3]. Obesity, which is characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue and large (intra-)abdominal fat mass (FM), is correlated with insulin resistance [6], and increases by 95% the risk of T2D [7]. The American College of Sports Medicine has recommended low- to moderate-intensity continuous training for patients with obesity and (pre)diabetes [8]. High-intensity interval training (HIIT), which includes repeated bouts of highintensity effort followed by varied recovery times [9], is considered a time-efficient and safe strategy to reduce total FM, intra-abdominal FM [10,11]. A growing body of evidence suggests that combining HIIT and nutritional strategies (such as plant extract supplementations) may result in more favorable outcomes by enhancing energy metabolism, or by increasing the adaptive response during recovery [16]
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