Abstract
The synergism/inhibition level, solubilization sites and the total solubility (St) of co-solubilization systems of phenanthrene, anthracene and pyrene in Tween 80 and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) are studied by 1H-NMR, 2D nuclear overhauser effect spectroscopy (NOESY) and rotating frame overhauser effect spectroscopy (ROESY). In Tween 80, inhibition for phenanthrene, anthracene and pyrene is observed in most binary and ternary systems. However, in SDS, synergism is predominant. After analysis, we find that the different synergism or inhibition situation between Tween 80 and SDS is related to the different types of surfactants used and the resulting different co-solubilization mechanisms. In addition, we also find that three polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have similar solubilization sites in both Tween 80 and SDS, which are almost unchanged in co-solubilization systems. Due to the similar solubilization sites, the chemical shift changes of surfactant and PAH protons follow the same pattern in all solubilization systems, and the order of chemical shift changes is consistent with the order of changes in the St of PAHs. In this case, it is feasible to evaluate St of PAHs by chemical shift. In both Tween 80 and SDS solutions, the ternary solubilization system has relatively high St rankings. Therefore, in practical applications, a good overall solubilization effect can be expected.
Highlights
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) compounds are a type of complex organic pollutants with fused ring structures containing at least two benzene rings
The represented 1H-Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of ternary PAHs solubilized in 50 mM Tween 80 micellar solutions and pure ternary PAHs solubilized in chloroform and pure 50 mM Tween 80 in D2O as references are shown in Figure S1, Supplementary Materials
The co-solubilization of three PAHs in Tween 80 and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) are studied by NMR spectroscopy
Summary
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) compounds are a type of complex organic pollutants with fused ring structures containing at least two benzene rings These compounds are mainly produced by synthetic means, such as the incomplete combustion of organic materials, the extensive use of fossil fuels and various industrial activities of human beings [1,2]. Due to their strong hydrophobicity, most PAHs are hard to decompose, and eventually deposited in the soil and exist in the environment extensively and persistently [3,4,5]. Since the solubility of hydrophobic compounds in micellar solutions can be several hundred times higher than that in water, SER has been evaluated as a promising method for the remediation of PAHs [22]
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